Benin  
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This page was last updated on 4 September 2008


Map of Benin



Legend: DefinitionDefinition Field ListingField Listing Rank OrderRank Order
   Introduction    Benin Top of Page
Background:
Definition Field Listing
Present day Benin was the site of Dahomey, a prominent West African kingdom that rose in the 15th century. The territory became a French Colony in 1872 and achieved independence on 1 August 1960, as the Republic of Benin. A succession of military governments ended in 1972 with the rise to power of Mathieu KEREKOU and the establishment of a government based on Marxist-Leninist principles. A move to representative government began in 1989. Two years later, free elections ushered in former Prime Minister Nicephore SOGLO as president, marking the first successful transfer of power in Africa from a dictatorship to a democracy. KEREKOU was returned to power by elections held in 1996 and 2001, though some irregularities were alleged. KEREKOU stepped down at the end of his second term in 2006 and was succeeded by Thomas YAYI Boni, a political outsider and independent. YAYI has begun a high profile fight against corruption and has strongly promoted accelerating Benin's economic growth.
   Geography    Benin Top of Page
Location:
Definition Field Listing
Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Benin, between Nigeria and Togo
Geographic coordinates:
Definition Field Listing
9 30 N, 2 15 E
Map references:
Definition Field Listing
Africa
Area:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total: 112,620 sq km
land: 110,620 sq km
water: 2,000 sq km
Area - comparative:
Definition Field Listing
slightly smaller than Pennsylvania
Land boundaries:
Definition Field Listing
total: 1,989 km
border countries: Burkina Faso 306 km, Niger 266 km, Nigeria 773 km, Togo 644 km
Coastline:
Definition Field Listing
121 km
Maritime claims:
Definition Field Listing
territorial sea: 200 nm
Climate:
Definition Field Listing
tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north
Terrain:
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mostly flat to undulating plain; some hills and low mountains
Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Mont Sokbaro 658 m
Natural resources:
Definition Field Listing
small offshore oil deposits, limestone, marble, timber
Land use:
Definition Field Listing
arable land: 23.53%
permanent crops: 2.37%
other: 74.1% (2005)
Irrigated land:
Definition Field Listing
120 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources:
Definition Field Listing
25.8 cu km (2001)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
Definition Field Listing
total: 0.13 cu km/yr (32%/23%/45%)
per capita: 15 cu m/yr (2001)
Natural hazards:
Definition Field Listing
hot, dry, dusty harmattan wind may affect north from December to March
Environment - current issues:
Definition Field Listing
inadequate supplies of potable water; poaching threatens wildlife populations; deforestation; desertification
Environment - international agreements:
Definition Field Listing
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note:
Definition Field Listing
sandbanks create difficult access to a coast with no natural harbors, river mouths, or islands
   People    Benin Top of Page
Population:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
8,532,547
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2008 est.)
Age structure:
Definition Field Listing
0-14 years: 45.5% (male 1,978,897/female 1,901,005)
15-64 years: 51.9% (male 2,195,667/female 2,236,458)
65 years and over: 2.6% (male 91,213/female 129,307) (2008 est.)
Median age:
Definition Field Listing
total: 17.1 years
male: 16.7 years
female: 17.6 years (2008 est.)
Population growth rate:
Definition Field Listing
3.01% (2008 est.)
Birth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
39.8 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Death rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
9.69 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Net migration rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Sex ratio:
Definition Field Listing
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female
total population: 0.9325 male(s)/female (2008 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total: 66.2 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 69.68 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 62.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total population: 58.56 years
male: 57.42 years
female: 59.76 years (2008 est.)
Total fertility rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
5.58 children born/woman (2008 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
1.9% (2003 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
68,000 (2003 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
5,800 (2003 est.)
Major infectious diseases:
Definition Field Listing
degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow fever
respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis (2008)
Nationality:
Definition Field Listing
noun: Beninese (singular and plural)
adjective: Beninese
Ethnic groups:
Definition Field Listing
Fon and related 39.2%, Adja and related 15.2%, Yoruba and related 12.3%, Bariba and related 9.2%, Peulh and related 7%, Ottamari and related 6.1%, Yoa-Lokpa and related 4%, Dendi and related 2.5%, other 1.6% (includes Europeans), unspecified 2.9% (2002 census)
Religions:
Definition Field Listing
Christian 42.8% (Catholic 27.1%, Celestial 5%, Methodist 3.2%, other Protestant 2.2%, other 5.3%), Muslim 24.4%, Vodoun 17.3%, other 15.5% (2002 census)
Languages:
Definition Field Listing
French (official), Fon and Yoruba (most common vernaculars in south), tribal languages (at least six major ones in north)
Literacy:
Definition Field Listing
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 34.7%
male: 47.9%
female: 23.3% (2002 census)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
Definition Field Listing
total: 7 years
male: 9 years
female: 6 years (2001)
Education expenditures:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
4.4% (2004)
   Government    Benin Top of Page
Country name:
Definition Field Listing
conventional long form: Republic of Benin
conventional short form: Benin
local long form: Republique du Benin
local short form: Benin
former: Dahomey
Government type:
Definition Field Listing
republic
Capital:
Definition Field Listing
name: Porto-Novo (official capital)
geographic coordinates: 6 29 N, 2 37 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
note: Cotonou (seat of government)
Administrative divisions:
Definition Field Listing
12 departments; Alibori, Atakora, Atlantique, Borgou, Collines, Kouffo, Donga, Littoral, Mono, Oueme, Plateau, Zou
Independence:
Definition Field Listing
1 August 1960 (from France)
National holiday:
Definition Field Listing
National Day, 1 August (1960)
Constitution:
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adopted by referendum 2 December 1990
Legal system:
Definition Field Listing
based on French civil law and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage:
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18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
Definition Field Listing
chief of state: President Thomas YAYI Boni (since 6 April 2006); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Thomas YAYI Boni (since 6 April 2006)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); runoff election held 19 March 2006 (next to be held in March 2011)
election results: Thomas YAYI Boni elected president; percent of vote - Thomas YAYI Boni 74.5%, Adrien HOUNGBEDJI 25.5%
Legislative branch:
Definition Field Listing
unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (83 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 31 March 2007 (next to be held by March 2011)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FCBE 35, ADD 20, PRD 10, other and independents 18
Judicial branch:
Definition Field Listing
Constitutional Court or Cour Constitutionnelle; Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; High Court of Justice
Political parties and leaders:
Definition Field Listing
Alliance for Dynamic Democracy or ADD; Alliance of Progress Forces or AFP; African Movement for Democracy and Progress or MADEP [Sefou FAGBOHOUN]; Benin Renaissance or RB [Rosine SOGLO]; Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Adrien HOUNGBEDJI]; Force Cowrie for an Emerging Benin or FCBE; Impulse for Progress and Democracy or IPD [Theophile NATA]; Key Force or FC [Lazare SÈHOUÉTO]; Movement for the People's Alternative or MAP [Olivier CAPO-CHICHI]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Dominique HOUNGNINOU]; Social Democrat Party or PSD [Bruno AMOUSSOU]; Union for the Relief or UPR [Issa SALIFOU]; Union for Democracy and National Solidarity or UDS [Sacca LAFIA]
note: approximately 20 additional minor parties
Political pressure groups and leaders:
Definition Field Listing
other: economic groups; environmentalists; political groups; teachers' unions and other educational groups
International organization participation:
Definition Field Listing
ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
Definition Field Listing
chief of mission: Ambassador Cyrille Segbe OGUIN
chancery: 2124 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 232-6656
FAX: [1] (202) 265-1996
Diplomatic representation from the US:
Definition Field Listing
chief of mission: Ambassador Gayleatha B. BROWN
embassy: Rue Caporal Bernard Anani, Cotonou
mailing address: 01 B. P. 2012, Cotonou
telephone: [229] 21-30-06-50
FAX: [229] 21-30-03-84
Flag description:
Definition Field Listing
two equal horizontal bands of yellow (top) and red (bottom) with a vertical green band on the hoist side
   Economy    Benin Top of Page
Economy - overview:
Definition Field Listing
The economy of Benin remains underdeveloped and dependent on subsistence agriculture, cotton production, and regional trade. Growth in real output has averaged around 5% in the past seven years, but rapid population growth has offset much of this increase. Inflation has subsided over the past several years. In order to raise growth still further, Benin plans to attract more foreign investment, place more emphasis on tourism, facilitate the development of new food processing systems and agricultural products, and encourage new information and communication technology. Specific projects to improve the business climate by reforms to the land tenure system, the commercial justice system, and the financial sector were included in Benin's $307 million Millennium Challenge Account grant signed in February 2006. The 2001 privatization policy continues in telecommunications, water, electricity, and agriculture though the government annulled the privatization of Benin's state cotton company in November 2007 after the discovery of irregularities in the bidding process. The Paris Club and bilateral creditors have eased the external debt situation, with Benin benefiting from a G8 debt reduction announced in July 2005, while pressing for more rapid structural reforms. An insufficient electrical supply continues to adversely affect Benin's economic growth though the government recently has taken steps to increase domestic power production.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$12.1 billion (2007 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate):
Definition Field Listing
$5.433 billion (2007 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
4.2% (2007 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$1,500 (2007 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
Definition Field Listing
agriculture: 33.2%
industry: 14.5%
services: 52.3% (2007 est.)
Labor force:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
5.38 million (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA%
Population below poverty line:
Definition Field Listing
37.4% (2007 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Definition Field Listing
lowest 10%: 3.1%
highest 10%: 29% (2003)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
Definition Field Listing
36.5 (2003)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
2% (2007 est.)
Investment (gross fixed):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
19.4% of GDP (2007 est.)
Budget:
Definition Field Listing
revenues: $959.2 million
expenditures: $1.211 billion (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products:
Definition Field Listing
cotton, corn, cassava (tapioca), yams, beans, palm oil, peanuts, cashews; livestock
Industries:
Definition Field Listing
textiles, food processing, construction materials, cement
Industrial production growth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
4.5% (2007 est.)
Electricity - production:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
105 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - consumption:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
587 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports:
Definition Field Listing
0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports:
Definition Field Listing
595 million kWh (2005)
Oil - production:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
0 bbl/day (2007)
Oil - consumption:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
9,232 bbl/day (2007 est.)
Oil - exports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
0 bbl/day (2007)
Oil - imports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
16,830 bbl/day (2007 est.)
Oil - proved reserves:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
8.21 million bbl (1 January 2006 est.)
Natural gas - production:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
0 cu m (2005 est.)
Natural gas - consumption:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
0 cu m (2005 est.)
Natural gas - exports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
0 cu m (2005 est.)
Natural gas - imports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
0 cu m (2005)
Natural gas - proved reserves:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
1.086 billion cu m (1 January 2006 est.)
Current account balance:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
-$310 million (2007 est.)
Exports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$585 million f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Exports - commodities:
Definition Field Listing
cotton, cashews, shea butter, textiles, palm products, seafood
Exports - partners:
Definition Field Listing
China 23.1%, Indonesia 8.3%, India 7.2%, Niger 5.8%, Togo 4.7%, Nigeria 4.7%, Belgium 4% (2006)
Imports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$1.095 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Imports - commodities:
Definition Field Listing
foodstuffs, capital goods, petroleum products
Imports - partners:
Definition Field Listing
China 45.1%, France 8.2%, US 6.6%, Thailand 6.4%, Malaysia 4.8% (2006)
Economic aid - recipient:
Definition Field Listing
$374.7 million (2006)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$1.209 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Debt - external:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$1.2 billion (2007)
Market value of publicly traded shares:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$NA
Currency (code):
Definition Field Listing
Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Exchange rates:
Definition Field Listing
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 493.51 (2007), 522.59 (2006), 527.47 (2005), 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003)
note: since 1 January 1999, the XOF franc has been pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF francs per euro
Fiscal year:
Definition Field Listing
calendar year
   Communications    Benin Top of Page
Telephones - main lines in use:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
77,300 (2006)
Telephones - mobile cellular:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
1.895 million (2007)
Telephone system:
Definition Field Listing
general assessment: inadequate; fixed-line network is almost saturated with fixed-line teledensity stuck at a meager 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone subscribership is increasing
domestic: fair system of open-wire, microwave radio relay, and cellular connections; four mobile-cellular providers
international: country code - 229; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 7 (Intelsat-Atlantic Ocean) (2007)
Radio broadcast stations:
Definition Field Listing
AM 1, FM 34, shortwave 1 (2007)
Television broadcast stations:
Definition Field Listing
6 (2007)
Internet country code:
Definition Field Listing
.bj
Internet hosts:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
798 (2007)
Internet users:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
700,000 (2006)
   Transportation    Benin Top of Page
Airports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
5 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways:
Definition Field Listing
total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
Definition Field Listing
total: 4
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2007)
Railways:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total: 758 km
narrow gauge: 758 km 1.000-m gauge (2006)
Roadways:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total: 16,000 km
paved: 1,400 km
unpaved: 14,600 km (2006)
Waterways:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
150 km (on River Niger along northern border) (2005)
Ports and terminals:
Definition Field Listing
Cotonou
   Military    Benin Top of Page
Military branches:
Definition Field Listing
Benin Armed Forces (FAB): Army (l'Arme de Terre), Benin Navy (Forces Navales Beninois, FNB), Benin People's Air Force (Force Aerienne Populaire de Benin, FAPB) (2008)
Military service age and obligation:
Definition Field Listing
21 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; in practice, volunteers may be taken at the age of 18; both sexes are eligible for military service; conscript tour of duty - 18 months (2006)
Manpower available for military service:
Definition Field Listing
males age 16-49: 1,908,457
females age 16-49: 1,882,421 (2008 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
Definition Field Listing
males age 16-49: 1,173,742
females age 16-49: 1,162,113 (2008 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
Definition Field Listing
males age 16-49: 96,230
females age 16-49: 94,436 (2008 est.)
Military expenditures:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
1.7% (2006)
   Transnational Issues    Benin Top of Page
Disputes - international:
Definition Field Listing
in September 2007, Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) intervened to attempt to resolve the dispute over two villages along the Benin-Burkina Faso border that remain from 2005 ICJ decision; much of Benin-Niger boundary, including tripoint with Nigeria, remains undemarcated; in 2005, Nigeria ceded thirteen villages to Benin, but border relations remain strained by rival cross-border gang clashes; talks continue between Benin and Togo on funding the Adjrala hydroelectric dam on the Mona River
Refugees and internally displaced persons:
Definition Field Listing
refugees (country of origin): 9,444 (Togo) (2007)
Illicit drugs:
Definition Field Listing
transshipment point used by Nigerian traffickers for narcotics destined for Western Europe; vulnerable to money laundering due to poorly enforced financial regulations

This page was last updated on 4 September 2008


 

Source : The World Factbook