Malawi  
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This page was last updated on 4 September 2008


Map of Malawi



Legend: DefinitionDefinition Field ListingField Listing Rank OrderRank Order
   Introduction    Malawi Top of Page
Background:
Definition Field Listing
Established in 1891, the British protectorate of Nyasaland became the independent nation of Malawi in 1964. After three decades of one-party rule under President Hastings Kamuzu BANDA the country held multiparty elections in 1994, under a provisional constitution that came into full effect the following year. Current President Bingu wa MUTHARIKA, elected in May 2004 after a failed attempt by the previous president to amend the constitution to permit another term, struggled to assert his authority against his predecessor and subsequently started his own party, the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) in 2005. As president, MUTHARIKA has overseen substantial economic improvement but because of political deadlock in the legislature, his minority party has been unable to pass significant legislation, and anti-corruption measures have stalled. Population growth, increasing pressure on agricultural lands, corruption, and the spread of HIV/AIDS pose major problems for Malawi.
   Geography    Malawi Top of Page
Location:
Definition Field Listing
Southern Africa, east of Zambia
Geographic coordinates:
Definition Field Listing
13 30 S, 34 00 E
Map references:
Definition Field Listing
Africa
Area:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total: 118,480 sq km
land: 94,080 sq km
water: 24,400 sq km
Area - comparative:
Definition Field Listing
slightly smaller than Pennsylvania
Land boundaries:
Definition Field Listing
total: 2,881 km
border countries: Mozambique 1,569 km, Tanzania 475 km, Zambia 837 km
Coastline:
Definition Field Listing
0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims:
Definition Field Listing
none (landlocked)
Climate:
Definition Field Listing
sub-tropical; rainy season (November to May); dry season (May to November)
Terrain:
Definition Field Listing
narrow elongated plateau with rolling plains, rounded hills, some mountains
Elevation extremes:
Definition Field Listing
lowest point: junction of the Shire River and international boundary with Mozambique 37 m
highest point: Sapitwa (Mount Mlanje) 3,002 m
Natural resources:
Definition Field Listing
limestone, arable land, hydropower, unexploited deposits of uranium, coal, and bauxite
Land use:
Definition Field Listing
arable land: 20.68%
permanent crops: 1.18%
other: 78.14% (2005)
Irrigated land:
Definition Field Listing
560 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources:
Definition Field Listing
17.3 cu km (2001)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
Definition Field Listing
total: 1.01 cu km/yr (15%/5%/80%)
per capita: 78 cu m/yr (2000)
Natural hazards:
Definition Field Listing
NA
Environment - current issues:
Definition Field Listing
deforestation; land degradation; water pollution from agricultural runoff, sewage, industrial wastes; siltation of spawning grounds endangers fish populations
Environment - international agreements:
Definition Field Listing
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Geography - note:
Definition Field Listing
landlocked; Lake Nyasa, some 580 km long, is the country's most prominent physical feature
   People    Malawi Top of Page
Population:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
13,931,831
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2008 est.)
Age structure:
Definition Field Listing
0-14 years: 46% (male 3,208,112/female 3,194,600)
15-64 years: 51.4% (male 3,592,073/female 3,563,840)
65 years and over: 2.7% (male 159,450/female 213,756) (2008 est.)
Median age:
Definition Field Listing
total: 16.8 years
male: 16.7 years
female: 16.8 years (2008 est.)
Population growth rate:
Definition Field Listing
2.39% (2008 est.)
Birth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
41.79 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Death rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
17.89 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Net migration rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA (2008 est.)
Sex ratio:
Definition Field Listing
at birth: 1.01 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female
total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2008 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total: 90.55 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 94.69 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 86.35 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total population: 43.45 years
male: 43.74 years
female: 43.15 years (2008 est.)
Total fertility rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
5.67 children born/woman (2008 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
14.2% (2003 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
900,000 (2003 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
84,000 (2003 est.)
Major infectious diseases:
Definition Field Listing
degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: malaria and plague
water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2008)
Nationality:
Definition Field Listing
noun: Malawian(s)
adjective: Malawian
Ethnic groups:
Definition Field Listing
Chewa, Nyanja, Tumbuka, Yao, Lomwe, Sena, Tonga, Ngoni, Ngonde, Asian, European
Religions:
Definition Field Listing
Christian 79.9%, Muslim 12.8%, other 3%, none 4.3% (1998 census)
Languages:
Definition Field Listing
Chichewa 57.2% (official), Chinyanja 12.8%, Chiyao 10.1%, Chitumbuka 9.5%, Chisena 2.7%, Chilomwe 2.4%, Chitonga 1.7%, other 3.6% (1998 census)
Literacy:
Definition Field Listing
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 62.7%
male: 76.1%
female: 49.8% (2003 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
Definition Field Listing
total: 9 years
male: 10 years
female: 9 years (2004)
Education expenditures:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
5.8% (2003)
   Government    Malawi Top of Page
Country name:
Definition Field Listing
conventional long form: Republic of Malawi
conventional short form: Malawi
local long form: Dziko la Malawi
local short form: Malawi
former: British Central African Protectorate, Nyasaland Protectorate, Nyasaland
Government type:
Definition Field Listing
multiparty democracy
Capital:
Definition Field Listing
name: Lilongwe
geographic coordinates: 13 59 S, 33 47 E
time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Administrative divisions:
Definition Field Listing
28 districts; Balaka, Blantyre, Chikwawa, Chiradzulu, Chitipa, Dedza, Dowa, Karonga, Kasungu, Likoma, Lilongwe, Machinga (Kasupe), Mangochi, Mchinji, Mulanje, Mwanza, Mzimba, Neno, Ntcheu, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Nsanje, Ntchisi, Phalombe, Rumphi, Salima, Thyolo, Zomba
Independence:
Definition Field Listing
6 July 1964 (from UK)
National holiday:
Definition Field Listing
Independence Day (Republic Day), 6 July (1964)
Constitution:
Definition Field Listing
18 May 1994
Legal system:
Definition Field Listing
based on English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of Appeal; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations
Suffrage:
Definition Field Listing
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
Definition Field Listing
chief of state: President Bingu wa MUTHARIKA (since 24 May 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Bingu wa MUTHARIKA (since 24 May 2004)
cabinet: 46-member Cabinet named by the president
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 20 May 2004 (next to be held in May 2009)
election results: Bingu wa MUTHARIKA elected president; percent of vote - Bingu wa MUTHARIKA 35.9%, John TEMBO 27.1%, Gwandaguluwe CHAKUAMBA 25.7%, Brown MPINGANJIRA 8.7%, Justin MALEWEZI 2.5%
Legislative branch:
Definition Field Listing
unicameral National Assembly (193 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 20 May 2004 (next to be held in May 2009)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MCP 56, UDF 49, independents 39, RP 15, others 25, vacancies 8
Judicial branch:
Definition Field Listing
Supreme Court of Appeal; High Court (chief justice appointed by the president, puisne judges appointed on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission); magistrate's courts
Political parties and leaders:
Definition Field Listing
Alliance for Democracy or AFORD; Congress for National Unity or CONU; Democratic Progressive Party or DPP [Bingu wa MUTHARIKA]; Malawi Congress Party or MCP [John TEMBO]; Malawi Democratic Party or MDP [Kampelo KALUA]; Malawi Forum for Unity and Development or MAFUNDE [George MNESA]; Mgwirizano Coalition or MC [Gwandaguluwe CHAKUAMBA] (coalition of MAFUNDE, MDP, MGODE, NUP, PETRA, PPM, RP); Movement for Genuine Democratic Change or MGODE [Sam Kandodo BANDA]; National Democratic Alliance or NDA [Brown MPINGANJIRA]; National Unity Party or NUP [Harry CHIUME]; People's Progressive Movement or PPM [Aleke BANDA]; People's Transformation Movement or PETRA [Kamuzu CHIBAMBO]; Republican Party or RP [Gwandaguluwe CHAKUAMBA]; United Democratic Front or UDF [Bakili MULUZI]
Political pressure groups and leaders:
Definition Field Listing
Agri-Ecology Media (agriculture and environmental group); Malawi Law Society (human rights); Malawi Movement for the Restoration of Democracy or MMRD (acts to restore and maintain democracy); National Democratic Alliance or NDA (acts to restore democracy; Public Affairs Committee or PAC (promotes democracy, development, peace and unity)
International organization participation:
Definition Field Listing
ACP, AfDB, AU, C, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
Definition Field Listing
chief of mission: Ambassador Hawa NDILOWE
chancery: 1156 15th Street, NW, Suite 320, Washington, DC 20005
telephone: [1] (202) 721-0270
FAX: [1] (202) 721-0288
Diplomatic representation from the US:
Definition Field Listing
chief of mission: Ambassador Alan EASTHAM
embassy: Area 40, Plot 24, Kenyatta Road
mailing address: P. O. Box 30016, Lilongwe 3, Malawi
telephone: [265] (1) 773 166
FAX: [265] (1) 770 471
Flag description:
Definition Field Listing
three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green with a radiant, rising, red sun centered in the black band
Government - note:
Definition Field Listing
no party has a majority in the fractured legislature
   Economy    Malawi Top of Page
Economy - overview:
Definition Field Listing
Landlocked Malawi ranks among the world's most densely populated and least developed countries. The economy is predominately agricultural with about 85% of the population living in rural areas. Agriculture accounts for more than one-third of GDP and 90% of export revenues. The performance of the tobacco sector is key to short-term growth as tobacco accounts for more than half of exports. The economy depends on substantial inflows of economic assistance from the IMF, the World Bank, and individual donor nations. In December 2007, the US granted Malawi eligibility status to receive financial support within the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) initiative. Malawi will now begin a consultative process to develop a five-year program before funding can begin. In 2006, Malawi was approved for relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) program. The government faces many challenges including developing a market economy, improving educational facilities, facing up to environmental problems, dealing with the rapidly growing problem of HIV/AIDS, and satisfying foreign donors that fiscal discipline is being tightened. In 2005, President MUTHARIKA championed an anticorruption campaign. Since 2005 President MUTHARIKA'S government has exhibited improved financial discipline under the guidance of Finance Minister Goodall GONDWE and signed a three year Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility worth $56 million with the IMF. Improved relations with the IMF lead other international donors to resume aid as well.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$10.51 billion (2007 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate):
Definition Field Listing
$3.538 billion (2007 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
7.4% (2007 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$800 (2007 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
Definition Field Listing
agriculture: 37.8%
industry: 18.1%
services: 44.1% (2007 est.)
Labor force:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
4.5 million (2001 est.)
Labor force - by occupation:
Definition Field Listing
agriculture: 90%
industry and services: 10% (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA%
Population below poverty line:
Definition Field Listing
53% (2004)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Definition Field Listing
lowest 10%: 2.9%
highest 10%: 31.8% (2004)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
Definition Field Listing
39 (2004)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
8.1% (2007 est.)
Investment (gross fixed):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
8.4% of GDP (2007 est.)
Budget:
Definition Field Listing
revenues: $1.128 billion
expenditures: $1.185 billion (2007 est.)
Public debt:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
50.6% of GDP (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products:
Definition Field Listing
tobacco, sugarcane, cotton, tea, corn, potatoes, cassava (tapioca), sorghum, pulses, groundnuts, Macadamia nuts; cattle, goats
Industries:
Definition Field Listing
tobacco, tea, sugar, sawmill products, cement, consumer goods
Industrial production growth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
4.4% (2007 est.)
Electricity - production:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
1.397 billion kWh (2005)
Electricity - consumption:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
1.299 billion kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports:
Definition Field Listing
0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports:
Definition Field Listing
0 kWh (2005)
Oil - production:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
0 bbl/day (2005 est.)
Oil - consumption:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
6,000 bbl/day (2005 est.)
Oil - exports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
0 bbl/day (2004)
Oil - imports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
6,263 bbl/day (2004)
Oil - proved reserves:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
0 bbl (1 January 2006 est.)
Natural gas - production:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
0 cu m (2005 est.)
Natural gas - consumption:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
0 cu m (2005 est.)
Natural gas - exports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
0 cu m (2005 est.)
Natural gas - imports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
0 cu m (2005)
Natural gas - proved reserves:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
0 cu m (1 January 2006 est.)
Current account balance:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
-$113 million (2007 est.)
Exports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$604 million f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Exports - commodities:
Definition Field Listing
tobacco 53%, tea, sugar, cotton, coffee, peanuts, wood products, apparel
Exports - partners:
Definition Field Listing
South Africa 12.4%, Germany 12%, Egypt 9.4%, Zimbabwe 8.3%, US 7.5%, Russia 4.7%, Netherlands 4.5% (2006)
Imports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$866 million f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Imports - commodities:
Definition Field Listing
food, petroleum products, semimanufactures, consumer goods, transportation equipment
Imports - partners:
Definition Field Listing
South Africa 34.9%, India 8.2%, Zambia 7.8%, Tanzania 5.9%, US 5.9%, China 4.3% (2006)
Economic aid - recipient:
Definition Field Listing
$575.3 million (2005)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$217 million (31 December 2007 est.)
Debt - external:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$894 million (31 December 2007 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$NA
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$NA
Market value of publicly traded shares:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$NA
Currency (code):
Definition Field Listing
Malawian kwacha (MWK)
Exchange rates:
Definition Field Listing
Malawian kwachas per US dollar - 141.12 (2007), 135.96 (2006), 108.894 (2005), 108.898 (2004), 97.433 (2003)
Fiscal year:
Definition Field Listing
1 July - 30 June
   Communications    Malawi Top of Page
Telephones - main lines in use:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
102,700 (2005)
Telephones - mobile cellular:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
1.051 million (2007)
Telephone system:
Definition Field Listing
general assessment: rudimentary
domestic: fixed-line subscribership remains less than 1 per 100 persons; privatization of Malawi Telecommunications (MTL), a necessary step in bringing improvement to telecommunications services, completed in 2006; mobile-cellular services are expanding but cellular network coverage is limited and is based around the main urban areas
international: country code - 265; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean, 1 Atlantic Ocean)
Radio broadcast stations:
Definition Field Listing
AM 9, FM 5 (plus 15 repeater stations), shortwave 2 (plus one shortwave station on standby) (2001)
Television broadcast stations:
Definition Field Listing
1 (2001)
Internet country code:
Definition Field Listing
.mw
Internet hosts:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
347 (2007)
Internet users:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
59,700 (2006)
   Transportation    Malawi Top of Page
Airports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
39 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways:
Definition Field Listing
total: 6
over 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 4 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
Definition Field Listing
total: 33
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 16
under 914 m: 16 (2007)
Railways:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total: 797 km
narrow gauge: 797 km 1.067-m gauge (2006)
Roadways:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total: 15,451 km
paved: 6,956 km
unpaved: 8,495 km (2003)
Waterways:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
700 km (on Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and Shire River) (2007)
Ports and terminals:
Definition Field Listing
Chipoka, Monkey Bay, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Chilumba
   Military    Malawi Top of Page
Military branches:
Definition Field Listing
Malawi Armed Forces: Army (includes Air Wing and Naval Detachment) (2007)
Military service age and obligation:
Definition Field Listing
18 years of age for voluntary military service; standard obligation is 2 years of active duty and 5 years of reserve service (2007)
Manpower available for military service:
Definition Field Listing
males age 16-49: 3,050,444 (2008 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
Definition Field Listing
males age 16-49: 1,676,117 (2008 est.)
Military expenditures:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
1.3% (2006)
   Transnational Issues    Malawi Top of Page
Disputes - international:
Definition Field Listing
disputes with Tanzania over the boundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and the meandering Songwe River remain dormant

This page was last updated on 4 September 2008


 

Source : The World Factbook